雖然,中國(guó)公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸最終會(huì)走上規(guī)模化道路,但是,預(yù)計(jì)在未來(lái)10~20年,很難出現(xiàn)壟斷型企業(yè),因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)太大,培育的難度也很大,國(guó)內(nèi)中小型專(zhuān)線零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸企業(yè)在未來(lái)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)將長(zhǎng)期存在,隨著信息技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用,預(yù)計(jì)第三方物流公司將逐步消亡。
Although the China highway LTL transportation will end up on the scale of the road, but it is expected in the next 10 to 20 years, it is difficult to appear monopoly enterprises, because the market is too large, the breed is also very difficult, domestic small and medium-sized railway LTL transportation enterprises will exist for a long period of time in the future, with the further promotion the application of information technology, is expected to third party logistics companies will gradually disappear.
我國(guó)大部分中小公路零物流企業(yè)短期行為明顯,雜亂的行業(yè)環(huán)境讓很多企業(yè)不愿為了企業(yè)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展考慮,投入大量資金改善管理流程,提高物流服務(wù)質(zhì)量。整個(gè)行業(yè)服務(wù)呈同質(zhì)化態(tài)勢(shì),價(jià)格成為吸引貨源的主要籌碼。專(zhuān)線零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸與炒貨公司合作生存是中國(guó)零擔(dān)行業(yè)的常態(tài)。
Most of China's small and medium-sized logistics enterprises of highway zero short-term behavior, messy industry environment makes a lot of companies willing to consider the long-term development of enterprises, to invest a lot of money to improve the management process, improve the quality of logistics services. The whole industry is a homogeneous trend of service, the price has become the main source of attracting chips. Railway LTL transportation in cooperation with the company's survival is China roasted seeds and nuts LTL industry norm.
中國(guó)內(nèi)地公路零擔(dān)物流企業(yè)約有100萬(wàn)家,并且每年以15%左右的速度增長(zhǎng),總數(shù)量超過(guò)其他國(guó)家零擔(dān)企業(yè)數(shù)量的總和,很多零擔(dān)公司只憑一部電話幾輛車(chē),靠?jī)r(jià)格戰(zhàn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)生存,我國(guó)公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸,前20名所占的市場(chǎng)份額不到2%。相比之下,美國(guó)前五大零擔(dān)公路運(yùn)輸公司,壟斷了美國(guó)60%的市場(chǎng)份額。
China mainland road LTL logistics enterprises about 100 million, and the annual growth rate of about 15%, the total number of more than the sum of the number of other countries LTL enterprises, a lot of LTL company only with a telephone number of cars, by the price war competition, China's highway LTL transportation, market share. The top 20 to 2%. In contrast, the top five U.S. dollars of road transport companies, a monopoly of the U.S. market share of 60%.
國(guó)內(nèi)公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸行業(yè)情況
中型物流企業(yè)面臨發(fā)展遇瓶頸
做大做強(qiáng)是每家公路零擔(dān)物流企業(yè)老板的夢(mèng)想,但是在快速發(fā)展過(guò)程中遇到了發(fā)展瓶頸。首先是中小企業(yè)資金緊張,融資難,企業(yè)要向更高平臺(tái)發(fā)展必須要在物流設(shè)備、場(chǎng)地、網(wǎng)點(diǎn)等方面投入大量資金,然而公司資金有限,融資擔(dān)保難等問(wèn)題制約著企業(yè)向更高層次發(fā)展;其次,物流人才匱乏,物流企業(yè)工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng),勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,高端人才留不住,從基層上來(lái)的管理者眼光又很有限,導(dǎo)致真正能夠滿足企業(yè)向更高水平發(fā)展的物流管理人才匱乏;另外,家族式企業(yè)發(fā)展到一定規(guī)模后,受到各種因素的制約,如華宇、宅急送等家族企業(yè)。
Medium sized logistics enterprises face bottlenecks in development
Bigger and stronger is the dream of every road LTL logistics company boss, but in the process of rapid development has encountered a bottleneck. The first is the small and medium-sized enterprise funds, financing difficulties, enterprises to a higher platform development must invest a lot of money in the logistics facilities, networks and so on, however, limited funds, financing guarantees and other difficult issues restricting the development of enterprises to a higher level; secondly, logistics personnel, logistics enterprises, long working time, labor the strength of large, high-end talent does not stay, up from the grass-roots management perspective is very limited, resulting in lack of truly able to meet the enterprise development to a higher level of logistics management personnel; in addition, the family enterprise development to a certain size, restricted by various factors, such as Hua Yu, the family enterprises etc..
專(zhuān)線公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸與第三方合作生存
20年后國(guó)內(nèi)零擔(dān)物流專(zhuān)線業(yè)務(wù)會(huì)大增但是第三方物流將被淘汰掉
國(guó)內(nèi)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸行業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,近幾年來(lái)都呈現(xiàn)較高程度的增長(zhǎng),發(fā)展前景并不十分可觀,目前的零擔(dān)行業(yè)存在不少的問(wèn)題急需解決。以下就我國(guó)公路零擔(dān)物流行業(yè)目前的狀況以及發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行介紹。
我國(guó)每個(gè)城市都有公路零擔(dān)物流貨運(yùn)市場(chǎng),這些市場(chǎng)內(nèi)專(zhuān)線零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸公司與炒貨公司各有所需,共同生存,頗具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),這種態(tài)勢(shì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)不會(huì)消失。
公路零擔(dān)物流業(yè)的技術(shù)水平普遍落后
在物流的搬運(yùn)裝卸環(huán)節(jié)上,由于我國(guó)的人力成本較低,還是以傳統(tǒng)的肩扛人抬的方式為主,效率低下,貨損貨差嚴(yán)重,實(shí)力較強(qiáng)的零擔(dān)貨運(yùn)企業(yè)僅輔以叉車(chē)和小推車(chē)。在信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用上,絕大多數(shù)公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸企業(yè)還使用傳統(tǒng)的電話、傳真或手機(jī)進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系,對(duì)現(xiàn)代化的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、條碼技術(shù)、GPS技術(shù)、手持終端掃描技術(shù)等涉足很少。安全存在隱患
在公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸中,90%都是重車(chē),或多或少都有超重,有的甚至超過(guò)額定載重噸100%,有些半掛車(chē)甚至發(fā)生車(chē)軸被壓斷的事故。超重不僅減少汽車(chē)的壽命,也容易引起交通事故,破壞道路,造成生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。盡管我們國(guó)家正在大力打擊超載現(xiàn)象,但還是屢禁不止。
另外,一些車(chē)輛不申辦零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸手續(xù),用普通貨物運(yùn)輸形式替代零擔(dān)貨物運(yùn)輸,出現(xiàn)魚(yú)龍混雜現(xiàn)象,造成零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)的混亂,一些車(chē)輛不符合零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸條件,缺少防曬、防雨、防火等安全措施,致使在途運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳锶鄙侔踩WC。還有些客運(yùn)班車(chē)在客流少時(shí),偷運(yùn)零擔(dān)貨物,造成客貨混載,給旅客生命安全造成危險(xiǎn)。
國(guó)內(nèi)公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展前景分析
電子商務(wù)將為零擔(dān)物流帶來(lái)巨大增長(zhǎng)空間
縱觀電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展,隨著以淘寶網(wǎng)為首的C2C模式的成熟,及B2B模式的迅速成長(zhǎng),將給公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)了巨大的增長(zhǎng)空間。早在2009年4月,德邦物流宣布和阿里巴巴集團(tuán)合作,成為淘寶網(wǎng)全國(guó)范圍大件貨物交易推薦物流商的時(shí)候,物流市場(chǎng)就在醞釀變局。部分專(zhuān)業(yè)快遞公司和專(zhuān)業(yè)整車(chē)運(yùn)輸公司也將拓展業(yè)務(wù)范圍的方向瞄向了公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸。專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為,未來(lái)縫合快遞與整車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)姆纸缇€的也將是零擔(dān)物流。
第一陣營(yíng)零擔(dān)物流逐步形成
中國(guó)零擔(dān)業(yè)務(wù)的物流市場(chǎng)十分龐大,物流企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)兼并擴(kuò)張才剛剛開(kāi)始,差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略是零擔(dān)物流企業(yè)跳出價(jià)格戰(zhàn)魔咒的必然選擇。中國(guó)公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸三強(qiáng)天地華宇、德邦物流、吉運(yùn)通物流的一站式運(yùn)營(yíng)服務(wù)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始。“定日達(dá)”是天地華宇被TNT收購(gòu)以后才推出的新服務(wù),顧名思義是指貨物在規(guī)定日期規(guī)定時(shí)間到達(dá)目的地,這是引自歐美公路運(yùn)輸?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品。德邦物流在推出“卡車(chē)航班”產(chǎn)品之后,得到了美國(guó)地產(chǎn)物流的支持,近幾年大肆鋪設(shè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn),預(yù)計(jì)今年底,網(wǎng)點(diǎn)將超過(guò)1200家,而且全部是自營(yíng)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)。通成物流被新時(shí)代國(guó)際運(yùn)輸收購(gòu)后,走上了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈整合的差異化發(fā)展道路。
專(zhuān)線零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸將長(zhǎng)期存在
物流行業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸已然成為物流行業(yè)越來(lái)越重要的一種物流模式,相對(duì)于其他的物流方式,獨(dú)具特色,但是要想求發(fā)展必須要先解決存在的問(wèn)題,才能有更好的前景。